…of fibrinogen and subsequent formation of fibrin, which results in fibrinous/fibrous adhesions. This is a more common phenomenon in large than small animals. However, an uncommon syndrome termed “sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis” has been reported in small animals, which can be idiopathic or secondary to foreign body ingestion, bacterial peritonitis, steatitis, and other conditions.1 This syndrome is also referred to as “abdominal coco…
…large animals, eosinophilic synovitis has only been reported in horses.2,8,9 In one of the case reports, the described horse has a monoarthropathy (right carpus: antebrachial carpal and mid carpal joints) after a post-racing, intra-articular injection with methylprednisolone acetate. The TNCC in the joints ranged from 8,300-9,200 cells/uL, of which most cells were large mononuclear cells (~75%) with eosinophils comprising between 11%-20% of the…
…heral giant cell granulomas (formerly giant cell epulis). Veterinary pathology. 2012;49:1018-1023. doi:10.1177/0300985812439078 Chang SC, Liao JW, Liu CI, Wong ML, Cheng FP. Osteoclastic-like giant cell tumour in a cat. J Feline Med Surg. 2008;10(4):403-406. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2008.01.007 Trigo FJ, Leathers CW, Brobst DF. A comparison of canine giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative granuloma of bone. Vet Pathol. 1983;20(2):215-222. doi:10.11…
…L), one or more genetic mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell causes proliferation of the neoplastic clone, outcompeting the residual normal hematopoietic cells (megakaryocytes, erythroid and myeloid progenitors). In many animals, the neoplastic cells spill into blood, resulting in a marked leukocytosis, comprised primarily of tumor cells with single or multiple cytopenias (non-regenerative anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) from decreased p…
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…serum chemistry was not requested on this patient) as potassium is released from the platelets during clotting. Comparison to plasma potassium levels exposes the artifact (Question 2).1 The individual large cells are megakaryocytes (Question 3), as can be discerned by their size and pink, granulated cytoplasm (Figs. 2-3), with cytoplasmic blebbing and a lobulated nucleus (Fig. 3). Although not typically visualized on blood smears, megakaryocytes…
…f the nasal passages. The neurological signs were attributed to septicemia (no other CNS lesions were found). Discussion Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria that include a number of commensal, opportunistic, and primary pathogens. Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus, the offender in the current case, is a commensal in the horse that can cause opportunistic infections in its host, while capable of causing severe disease when transmitte…
…ncentrated urine (the concentration of which is determined by the degree of tonicity of the medulla). This is accomplished as follows: 1. Descending limb of loop of Henle: Normally the glomerular filtrate has a similar osmolality to plasma (300 mOsmol/kg). In the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the NaCl cannot be absorbed, but water is passively resorbed (#1), creating a hypertonic urine (>1200 mOsmol/kg) as it enters the ascending limb. 2….
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…dog had developed bilateral cataracts two months previously and had shown vision impairment. Prior to surgery, screening blood work was performed. The complete blood count was within normal limits and a chemistry panel revealed mild hyperglycemia (181 mg/dl, reference interval: 63-118 mg/dl), mildly increased alkaline phosphatase (200 U/L reference interval: 17-111 U/L), moderate to marked hypercholesterolemia (554 mg/dL, reference interval: 138…
…a patent infection is the Baermann technique on fresh feces obtained on rectal exam (Question 3).1 It is not recommended to obtain feces from the ground, as environmental contamination can confound results. The Baermann test identifies first-stage larvae, which are approximately 300 – 360 μm long.2 Alternatively, identification of the white long (up to 8.0 cm in length) mature adult lungworms in the bronchi, mainly in the caudal lobes, on necrop…
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