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Hemostasis screening

1 Genetic testing for vWD can be done in those breeds for which a genetic test is available, however the genetic test does not necessarily correlate to clinical signs. 1 Thrombopathia (decreased platelet function) is uncommon as a cause of hemorrhage, but can be inherited or secondary to drugs (e.g. aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), disease (uremia, liver disease, DIC). A complete medical history, including drug administration o…

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June 2015 Case of the Month

…revealed a moderate anemia with minimal regeneration and degenerative left shift with a normal neutrophil count and marked toxic change (Figure 1A). Abdominal tension and mild pain on palpation was noted. Abdominal ultrasound revealed effusion and raised concern for foreign bodies in the stomach and a suspect linear foreign body in the intestine. Peritoneal fluid was collected and submitted for cytological examination and bacterial culture. The n…

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2021 Case #4

….9-10 Mast cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms are potentially distinguished by measurement of histamine and tryptase, however these compounds have a short half-life, which reduces test sensitivity, and their measurement is not routine. Newer more stable serum and urinary biomarkers, such as leukotriene and prostaglandin metabolites, hold promise for diagnosis of anaphylaxis.5 The term idiopathic anaphylaxis has been applied to recurrent b…

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2022 Case #3

Venous blood from a cat Case Information A 1 year old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to a veterinarian for the primary complaints of chronic upper respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and decreased appetite. The cat was documented to be negative for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) via a rapid test performed at a humane shelter. Upon physical examination, the cat was febrile (104.4°F) and lethar…

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February 2019 Case of the Month

…me of equine multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease (MEED), which often involves the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and other organs (see January 2017 Case of the Month), was not considered as a differential diagnosis (Question 3). This suspected immune-mediated disease has not been described to involve joints, although the complete clinical description for the patient presented here was not available. Alt…

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Sequence of events in primary hemostasis or the formation of the platelet plug

…by thrombin) release stores of ultra-high molecular weight vWf from Weibel-Palade bodies, which remain adherent to the endothelial cells or bind to extracellular matrix proteins. Platelet adhesion: Endothelial- and matrix-bound vWf unfurls like a string under shear forces and now this multimeric protein is in the appropriate conformation to capture platelets by rapidly forming (and breaking) bonds with the platelet surface glycoprotein (GP) compl…

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Renal sodium absorption

…t. Around 15-25% of filtered sodium is absorbed in this segment. 4. Distal tubules: Sodium chloride is absorbed together by a cotransporter, which is inhibited by thiazide diuretics. Around 5% of filtered sodium is absorbed here. 5. Collecting ducts: Here is where fine control over sodium absorption occurs. Sodium is absorbed (in exchange for potassium) passively through open channels in principal cells. These open channels are increased in respo…

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2022 Case #1

…of the upper extremities, particularly the hind legs, but can also be seen on the thorax, flank, abdomen, neck and head. They are rare tumors in the horse (albeit the most common tumor occurring on the limbs1) and usually form locally infiltrative single or multinodular masses.2-9 Most of the tumors are associated with hemorrhage, with many hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and areas of necrosis have also been reported.2,4,6,8,9 On cytologic examin…

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Laser-based platelet analysis

…litude of an electrical current. The second type of detector is a side scatter or high angle light scatter detector, which measured light scattered sideways by the platelet. The degree of light scatter is dependent on the complexity or granularity of the platelet and is reported as a frequency distribution curve and as the mean platelet component (MPC) in g/dL. A smaller platelet will scatter less light in a forward direction, resulting in a lowe…

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RBC analysis

…ee of change in amplitude is a measure of the size (volume) of the RBC with smaller RBC causing less resistance and a lower amplitude. Laser-based hematologic analyzers allow RBC to pass through in single file through a flow cell containing a laser. As the RBC passes through the laser, it is counted as an event (providing a RBC count) but it also scatters the laser light. Two detectors can measure the scattered light. The first is the forward sca…

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