…tion of results. % Saturation of transferrin: The amount of transferrin that is saturated with iron. Iron, TIBC and percentage iron saturation of transferrin are usually offered together as an iron panel versus individual tests. Changes in these three results should be interpreted together. Ferritin : Measurement of the iron storage protein in cells. Fecal occult blood: A test for detecting gastrointestinal hemorrhage (the most common cause of ir…
…in blood, indicating a “functional” iron deficiency (personal observations). Pyridoxine is required for heme synthesis in red blood cells, whereas copper is an essential component of ceruloplasmin and hephaestin which are required for the transfer of iron to/from macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. An excess of some minerals, in particular zinc, can also inhibit copper absorption resulting in a secondary copper…
Changes in laboratory results can be physiologic (i.e. expected due to age, breed, sex, physiologic status such as pregnancy, lactation) or associated with disease. Thus, interpretation of results need to take into account expected physiologic changes in order to determine what is expected due to the animal and what is indicative or supports underlying disease. Prematurity Studies in premature foals have shown that they have lower red blood cell…
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…ed bilirubin) is an expected finding in this patient’s urinalysis, given the suspected cholestasis. Although Leptospira are shed in urine, their width is too small for the resolution of light microscopy so they are not visible in the urine sediment.1 Follow up and outcome A point-of-care Canine Leptospira Antibody ELISA snap test was performed and was positive for leptospirosis. Given the lack of a leptospirosis vaccine history, a fals…
…2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing, pp.157-158. Gupta, R., 2018. A Review of Copper Poisoning in Animals: Sheep, Goat and Cattle. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, [online] 3(5), pp.1-4. Available at:
…, but appeared otherwise healthy. Cytology of a dried fecal smear was performed. Evaluate the representative photomicrograph of the dried fecal smear cytology (Figure 1) and answer the following questions: 1. What is the nature of the organisms and structures present in the fecal smear? 2. What are your differential diagnoses for the larger structures based on the images? 3. What additional diagnostic tests would you recommend? Figu…
…54(1):73-80. DOI: 1016/s0006-2952(97)00140-8 Denzoin Vulcano, Confalonieri O, Franci R, et al. Efficacy of free glutathione and niosomal glutathione in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in cats. Open Vet J 2013; 3(1):56-63. Court MH and Greenblatt DJ. Molecular Basis for Deficient Acetaminophen Glucuronidation in Cats. An Interspecies Comparison of Enzyme Kinetics in Liver Microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53(7):1041-10…
…nd diarrhea that had occurred one week after vaccination for rabies and distemper. Consequently, all vaccine protocols were discontinued and were therefore not up-to-date. On presentation, the dog was quiet but alert, and hypothermic at 97.3ºF. The remainder of the physical examination was within normal limits. The dog was started on intravenous fluids supplemented with glucose. Rapid in-house assessment tests, venous blood gas analysis, complete…
1 Genetic testing for vWD can be done in those breeds for which a genetic test is available, however the genetic test does not necessarily correlate to clinical signs. 1 Thrombopathia (decreased platelet function) is uncommon as a cause of hemorrhage, but can be inherited or secondary to drugs (e.g. aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), disease (uremia, liver disease, DIC). A complete medical history, including drug administration o…
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1 Genetic testing for vWD can be done in those breeds for which a genetic test is available, however the genetic test does not necessarily correlate to clinical signs. 1 Thrombopathia (decreased platelet function) is uncommon as a cause of hemorrhage, but can be inherited or secondary to drugs (e.g. aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), disease (uremia, liver disease, DIC). A complete medical history, including drug administration o…
Screening hemostasis test diagnostic algorithm Read More »
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