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Direct Coombs test

In a direct Coombs test, we are looking for the presence of antibodies (IgM or IgG) or opsonic complement components (C3b, C3d, not shown) bound to red blood cells (RBCs) in the patient. We need fresh EDTA-anticoagulated blood for a Coombs test and we first wash the RBCs to remove plasma with any non-adherent antibodies or complement. We then add Coombs reagent, which contains antibodies against species-specific IgG/IgM (i.e.. anti-canine IgG/M…

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August 2016 Case of the Month

…immunocompetent 10-year-old cat. J Vet Diagnostic Investig [Internet]. 2011;23(1):104–8. Available from: ://000286953200016\nhttp://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L361121060\nhttp://www.jvdi.org/cgi/reprint/23/1/104.pdf\nhttp://sfx.galib.uga.edu/sfx_emu1?sid=EMBASE&issn=10406387&id=doi:&atitle=Isolation+and+genot Burney DP, Lappin MR, Spilker M, McReynolds L. Detection of Tox

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2022 Case #6

…cytologic specimens.  Bacterial culture from fresh tissue is the reference standard for diagnosis. Genetic testing via PCR testing for 16S RNA is recommended if culture fails to grow the organism.16 Sanger sequencing of bacterial genes, particularly the rpoB gene, is recommended for accurate speciation and was done in this case. An interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) is being used as a non-invasive immunological research tool for d…

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A positive Coombs test

The microtiter plate method involves serial dilutions of the Coombs reagent from 1:2 to 1:2048 added to washed RBCs from the patient. In this dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, the Coombs test is positive grossly (clumped cells in wells 1-6) and microscopically in all wells (left image: 1:2 dilution or first well; middle image: 1:2048 dilution or last well, arrow shows small agglutinates versus those present in the 1:2 dilution; right i…

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May 2018 Case of the Month

…f North American bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest [Internet]. 2010;22(5):797–801. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807947%5Cnhttp://vdi.sagepub.com/content/22/5/797.full.pdf Register KB, Woodbury MR, Davies JL, Trujillo JD, Perez-Casal J, Burrage PH, et al. Systemic mycoplasmosis with dystocia and abortion in a North American bison (Bison bison) herd. J Vet Diagnostic Investig. 2013;25(4):541–5. Bottinelli M, Passamonti…

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October 2014 Case of the Month

…r-old female Holstein cow, selected as a representative animal. The acquired tracheal wash sample was submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center for cytologic evaluation, as well as aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity, and virologic testing. Direct and sediment smears were prepared from the submitted fluid. Representative images from the Wright’s stained sediment smears are present below. After examining the images, answer the followi…

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January 2015 Case of the Month

…remia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia.1,6 Cats with primary PRCA may have a positive direct or indirect Coomb’s test, and they test negative for infectious diseases like  FeLV/FIV and Mycoplasma haemofelis.6 Bone marrow aspirate is needed for confirmation of erythroid hypoplasia to aplasia with myeloid and megakaryocytes lineages within the normal limits; a high proportion of small lymphocytes is also commonly found in bone marrow of affected cat…

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January 2018 Case of the Month

…l as lethargy and decreased appetite of one month’s duration. Each episode occurred after the cat rose from bed and lasted 3-4 seconds, during which the cat would become stiff and fall down. The cat did not urinate or defecate during the episodes. No clinical signs were observed before or after the episodes. Based on the owner’s description and an unremarkable neurologic examination other than bilateral mydriasis, seizures were determined to be u…

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