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…cid due to abomasal atony or displaced abomasa) in adult cattle; titration metabolic acidosis (lactic acidosis) and hyperchloremic bicarbonate loss metabolic acidosis (secretory diarrhea) in calves. Horses: Uncommon. Camelids: Uncommon. Related links Laboratory detection: Use of laboratory tests to diagnose acid-base disturbances, including more information on bicarbonate measurement and the anion gap calculation. Quick test interpretation: A g…

…indicate how hemolysis (rupturing of RBCs) may affect sample results from our current chemistry analyzer. These guidelines are derived from manufacturer’s recommendations and is based on data from spiking human samples with hemoglobin. These values may not apply to samples from animals and there are important species differences (for example, a high potassium is expected in hemolyzed samples from horses, camelids, pigs and sh…

Veterinarians use clinical chemistry and other laboratory tests to diagnose disease, to monitor disease progression or response to therapy, and to screen for the presence of underlying disease in apparently healthy animals. A wide variety of clinical chemistry tests are offered by clinical pathology laboratories for this purpose (laboratories differ on the combination of tests and test panels offered to their clients). The Clinical Pathology Lab…

…de concentrations (with minimal to no expected increase in cholesterol). Lipemia interferes with results of hematology and chemistry testing (see test basics, interferences, interference indexes) and should be avoided at all costs. Post-prandial lipemia can be minimized by collecting blood after a 12 hour fast in dogs and cats (see sample collection guidelines for hematology and chemistry), whereas blood sample collection in l…

…they are rapid and easy to use, but are less sensitive to decreased FPTI than RID or immunoturbidometry. Other tests are available but reliability tends to be lower and varies by species. These include: Total protein by refractometry or the biuret method, Brix refractometry, globulin measurement, methods dependent on protein precipitation (ZnSO4 turbidity, Na2SO3 precipitation, glutaraldehyde coagulation test). IgG measurement for failure of pa…

…hanges in albumin concentration can selective (affecting albumin only) or non-selective (affecting both albumin and globulins). Selective versus non-selective changes in albumin and globulins yields potential clues as to the mechanism and cause for these abnormal results, as outlined below (the A:G ratio can be used as a guide as to selective versus non-selective changes). Increased albumin concentration (hyperalbuminemia) The most common cause o…