…ue to severe hyperlactatemia [18.6 mmol/L, RI: 0.3-1.5 mmol/L]). A point-of-care CBC revealed a moderate leukocytosis (32.7 x 103/µL, RI: 7.2-17.7 x 103/µL) consisting of a marked neutrophilia (23.5 x 103/µL, RI: 1.9-9.5 x 103/µL) and a moderate monocytosis (2.1 x 103/µL, RI: 0.0-0.9 x 103/µL). Thoracic ultrasonographic examination was performed, which revealed a left-sided pneumothorax, a moderate amount of free fluid in the cranioventral thorax…
A well-differentiated osteoblast (arrow) is seen amongst non-degenerate neutrophils and few free nuclei (from ruptured cells). The neutrophils appeared convincingly increased over the expected contribution from blood supportive of inflammation. (Wright’s stain, 50x objective)…
Please note, that not all possible permeations and combinations are shown in this charts and it should be used as guidelines only. The delta symbol represents the change in the test result (measured result compared to the midpoint of the provided reference interval; for chloride, the corrected chloride should be used in the formulas).
High bicarbonate algorithm Read More »
Positive and negative controls are in wells 1 and 2. Agglutination is evident in well 1 but not 2, indicating correct functioning of the test. Two canine patient samples are being tested concurrently. The first patient plasma is in wells 3 (1:2 dilution) and 4 (1:8 dilution), the second in wells 5 (1:2 dilution) and 6 (1:8 dilution). Agglutination is only observed in well 3. This is compatible with a positive plasma FDP result of 5-20 µg/ml for…
Positive and negative controls are in wells 1 and 2. Agglutination is evident in well 1 but not 2, indicating correct functioning of the test. Two canine patient samples are being tested concurrently; the first patient plasma is in well 3 (undiluted) and the second in well 4 (undiluted). Agglutination is observed in wells 3 and 4. This is compatible with a positive D-dimer result (>250 ng/ml) for both patients, which were dogs with DIC.
A normal bicarbonate does not rule out an acid-base abnormality. Please note, that not all possible permeations and combinations are shown in this charts and it should be used as guidelines only. The delta symbol represents the change in the test result (measured result compared to the midpoint of the provided reference interval; for chloride, the corrected chloride should be used in the formulas)
Diagnostic algorithm – normal bicarbonate Read More »
Please note, that not all possible permeations and combinations are shown in this charts and it should be used as guidelines only. The delta symbol represents the change in the test result (measured result compared to the midpoint of the provided reference interval; for chloride, the corrected chloride should be used in the formulas).
Diagnostic algorithm – low bicarbonate Read More »
Please note, that not all possible permeations and combinations are shown in this charts and it should be used as guidelines only. The delta symbol represents the change in the test result (measured result compared to the midpoint of the provided reference interval; for chloride, the corrected chloride should be used in the formulas).
Diagnostic algorithm – high bicarbonate Read More »
…death of erythroid cells). Megakaryocytes were also increased (megakaryocytic hyperplasia). These findings were compatible with ineffective erythropoiesis, due to a non-regenerative immune-mediated anemia, or precursor directed immune-mediated anemia (PIMA). The dog had a weak positive Coombs test. A chemistry panel revealed high globulins and a high iron and percentage transferrin saturation on a chemistry panel. The high iron and transferrin sa…
Non-regenerative immune-mediated anemia in a dog Read More »
…is exacerbated by the hyperactive coagulation system (activated coagulation factors can potentiate the inflammatory response, by stimulating inflammatory cytokine release from cells). An “uncompensated” phase or overt DIC then ensues, in which thrombin generation becomes uncontrolled and systemic. This results in widespread thrombosis with abnormal hemostatic test results that are typical of DIC, e.g. prolonged APTT, thrombocytopenia. Platelets…
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