Frog blood
Neutrophil Eosinophil & lymphocyte Reactive lymphocyte Basophil Basophil Thrombocyte Hepatozoon…
Neutrophil Eosinophil & lymphocyte Reactive lymphocyte Basophil Basophil Thrombocyte Hepatozoon…
…the kidney to medullary hypoxia (and consequent renal failure). Renin: This is produced by the juxtaglomerular complex in afferent arterioles of the kidney. The main stimuli for renin secretion are renal hypoperfusion (e.g. hypovolemia) and decreased chloride delivery. Hypoperfusion is sensed by baroreceptors in the wall of afferent arterioles, heart and aorta. The macula densa is a group of cells located at the end of the thick ascending limb o…
…thawed for 4 cycles (Hillström et al 2014). In an additional study with a higher sensitivity assay (this was accomplished by adding 10x more sample than normally used), CRP was stable in frozen samples stored in a dedicated freezer at -80°C for 3 months (Hillström et al 2015). Interferences Lipemia, hemolysis, and icterus: Per the validation manuscript, addition of hemoglobin (from osmotically lysed red blood cells) and lipid (in…
C-Reactive Protein Read More »
…o maintain homeostasis. The largest volume of fluid in the body is inside cells (the intracellular fluid or ICF compartment) and makes up about 2/3 of total body water. Any fluid not inside of cells is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment (the remaining 1/3 of total body water). In most disease states, loss of fluids occurs initially from the ECF, particularly from plasma or the intravascular compartment. The 60:40:20 rule can help you re…
…athia (abnormal platelet function) is suspected, the patient should be referred to the laboratory or veterinary school performing the testing. Only more commonly used tests will be discussed here. Aggregation The most common tests performed for evaluation of platelet function are platelet aggregation tests. In these tests, platelet aggregation is induced in vitro when one or more agonists are introduced and bind to specific receptors in the plate…
…0 ug/L are compatible with pancreatitis, results between 200 and 400 ug/L are considered equivocal (retesting recommended) and results <200 ug/L are not compatible with pancreatitis (Cridge et al 2018, 2021). Spec fL: Cats have lower pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity versus dogs. Values > 5.4 ug/L are compatible with pancreatitis, between 3.6 and 5.4 ug/L are equivocal, and <0.7 ug/L, inconsistent with pancreatitis (Schnauβ et al…
…had 85-86% sensitivity (in 2 studies) and 87% specificity. Llamas: Insensitive but easy to use. In one study, a commercial SST kit at 300 mg/dL cut-off had good sensitivity and specificity in 48 hour old llamas and alpacas. However, all of the assays lacked sensitivity and specificity. A low value confirms FPT but a high value does not rule it out. Foals: It is not valid. Glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GC): Glutaraldehyde forms intermolecular…
Passive transfer failure Read More »
…2018. A Review of Copper Poisoning in Animals: Sheep, Goat and Cattle. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, [online] 3(5), pp.1-4. Available at:
Figure 4: Aspirate of pulmonary mass. Wright’s stain 50x….
COM March 2018 Figure 6 Read More »
…obial Infections1. Pathol Basis Vet Dis [Internet]. 2017;132–241.e1. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323357753000047 López A, Martinson SA. Chapter 9 – Respiratory System, Mediastinum, and Pleurae1. Pathol Basis Vet Dis (Sixth Ed [Internet]. 2017;(2):471–560.e1. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323357753000096 Thomas A, Ball H, Dizier I, Trolin A, Bell C, Mainil J, et al…