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…fer from iron deficiency anemia since they could not access iron in soil (when housed intensively). This is overcome by giving them intramuscular iron injections. Copper deficiency: Copper is required for utilization of iron. Copper is an essential cofactor for the enzymes that allow the release of iron from stores with macrophages and uptake of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Copper deficiency can manifest as an iron deficiency anemia. Alt…

…es in cells is important because these changes can be useful markers of underlying disease or can give clues as to the mechanisms behind cytopenias in peripheral blood. For instance, examination of a blood smear for the presence of polychromasia is a critical component in determining if whether an anemia is regenerative and due to to blood loss or hemolysis. Since animals cannot speak for themselves, we have to let their blood do the talking for…

The table below is a quick summary of how changes in the mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) can guide us as to the mechanism and potential cause of an anemia. How red blood cell indices helps with identifying mechanism and cause of an anemia MCV MCHC Severity Regenerative? Mechanism Potential causes Normocytic Normochromic Mild to moderate No Decreased production Anemia of inflammatory disease (most common;…

…e manually using a hemocytometer or with an automated analyzer. Counts can also be estimated during blood smear examination. Since many laboratories use instruments that count platelets, RBC and WBC concurrently, a platelet count is a routinely reported result on complete or automatd hemograms. At Cornell University, all platelet counts from our analyzer are verified by examining a blood smear for platelet clumps (which will falsely lower the cou…

…ils in blood, including parasites (see the infectious agent page or the infectious agent gallery). Hemosiderin and hematoidin: Hemosiderin can be seen in neutrophils and monocytes in animals with hemolytic anemia, usually with an intravascular component. Presumably, the free hemoglobin is taken up by scavenger receptors (e.g. CD163, the haptoglobin receptor on monocytes) and the porphyrin ring is converted to unconjugated bilirubin, which is the…

Canine Mycoplasma haemocanis (formerly Haemobartonella canis) rarely causes anemia in dogs with normal spleens and normal immune systems. Clinical anemia can develop when a carrier dog is splenectomized or when a splenectomized dog is transfused with blood from a carrier donor. M. haemocanis may be a widespread latent infection in kennel-raised dogs. These dogs are commonly used for research worldwide and the potential exists for such chronic i…