…ain, and is excreted primarily by the kidneys, with some evidence of liver uptake in humans. It does not appear to be reabsorbed in renal tubules or influenced by many non-renal factors, other than diet (Hokamp and Nabity 2016 review). Methodology SDMA testing is currently not offered by Cornell University. The gold standard method is high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, however an immunologic-based assay has b…
…in aged samples from diabetic patients. In these cases, fructosamine values are consistently elevated. Response to insulin therapy: Fructosamine is also useful for monitoring response to therapy in diabetic patients as persistent changes in glucose will be reflected more rapidly in fructosamine, compared to glycosylated hemoglobin, because serum proteins have a shorter half-life than hemoglobin. Indeed, fructosamine is lower (and often withi…
The most commonly used (and available) tests for inhibitors are measurement of antithrombin and protein C activity. Tests for other inhibitors, such as alpha2-antiplasmin, protein Z, protein S, and heparin cofactor II, are either not available, have not been validated for use in animals or are used for research purposes by specific institutions. The presence of acquired inhibitors of coagulation (e.g. lupus anticoagulants, anti-factor VIII antib…
…xception of the BMBT), are only available at specialized veterinary laboratories. Furthermore, fresh platelets (and the production of platelet-rich plasma) are required; hence samples cannot be sent through the mail for platelet function testing. Therefore, if a thrombopathia (abnormal platelet function) is suspected, the patient should be referred to the laboratory or veterinary school performing the testing. Only more commonly used tests will b…
…ood cells (WBC). For this reason, the obtained or measured “WBC” count (from an analyzer or a hemocytometer) is actually a nucleated count which includes WBC and nRBC. The obtained nucleated count must be corrected for the number of nRBC in the circulation. To correct the “WBC” or nucleated count, the number of nRBCs per 100 leukocytes is recorded during the differential leukocyte count when performing a blood smear examin…
…s been used to predict efficacy of passive transfer in calves; in one study, GGT < 200 U/L was 80% sensitive for a diagnosis of failure of passive transfer (Perino et al 1993). In another study, calves with GGT activity below 50 U/L had IgG values consistent with failure of passive transfer of immunity (Parish et al 1997), however this testing should be restricted to young calves (<8 days of age) and measurement of IgG concentrations in ser...
…y mimic in blood. In fact, hematologic analyzers frequently count nRBC as lymphocytes resulting in inaccurate automated differential leukocyte counts and a measured “WBC” count. When nRBC are present in blood, they are included in the measured “WBC” count and the WBC count must be corrected for the number of nRBC. For more information on this and causes of increased nRBC in blood, refer to the nRBC test page. In fact,…
…in the study. Rarely, infected dogs can lack obvious clinical signs. (Qurollo et al 2018). Bloodwork: Thrombocytopenia is the most characteristic finding in infected dogs, but anemia (mostly non-regenerative), neutrophilia and monocytosis were more common in the aforementioned study of 41 dogs and a few dogs had thrombocytosis (likely due to co-morbidities or drug treatment). Proteinuria was detected in 74% of tested dogs, most of which had an i…
…entrations of which decrease in blood). This is called ketoacidosis but it is not always present in states of ketosis. Ketones are freely filtered by the glomerulus and, since renal absorptive thresholds are low, they are readily found in the urine during ketosis. Methodology A variety of assays are currently available for measuring BHB levels in bodily fluids: spectrophotometric quantitative assays, nitroprusside method (e.g. Ketostix, Acetest),…
…ceptors, despite the fact that the neoplastic clone is differentiating along a myeloid (non-lymphoid) lineage (Stokol et al 2017, Frontiers in Veterinary Science doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00076). This could be due to the fact that there is a common monocytic-lymphoid progenitor in marrow. As for any diagnostic test, false positive and negative results do occur. Related links Animal Health Diagnostic Center: Guidelines for sample collection fo…
Classification tools Read More »
eClinpath helped 1.2 million visitors last year from 220 countries find important information on animal health. If you enjoy the site, please support our mission and consider a small gift to help us keep pace with its rapid growth. You can donate securely via PayPal or credit card. Thank you!
