Hematology

The table below provides a summary of the mechanism and cause of anemia. Causes of anemia Type of anemia Causes Hemorrhage Trauma, vessel wall injury or defects (e.g. vasculitis), hemostatic disorders (thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand disease, coagulation factor deficiency) Inflammation (mostly ↓ production, mild hemolytic component) Many causes Mechanisms: Cytokine suppression of erythropoiesis (erythropoietin release, responsiveness to erythropoietin),

We use a combination of clinical data, hematologic and bone marrow findings, and results of more specific diagnostic testing (immunophenotyping, cytochemical staining) to differentiate between an acute leukemia (myeloid or lymphoid in origin and arising in the marrow) and a lymphoma with a leukemia phase, i.e. neoplastic cells in blood and/or bone marrow. In some

On the other hand, a major challenge is to discriminate between reactive lymphocytes and neoplastic hematopoietic cells (generally called ‘blasts” because their lineage is uncertain, i.e. they could be myeloid or lymphoid in origin). This decision is based on several findings, including the features of the cells, their numbers in blood, and clinical and hematologic

The table below is a quick summary of how changes in the mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) can guide us as to the mechanism and potential cause of an anemia. How red blood cell indices helps with identifying mechanism and cause of an anemia MCV MCHC Severity Regenerative? Mechanism Potential

Below is a summary of terms used to describe red blood cell morphologic features, the meaning of the term and associated interpretation (the provided list of diseases is not exhaustive). In addition, the interpretation is based on associations and the meaning in a given patient is entirely dependent on what is going on in the

The table below provides a summary of the methods used to provide red blood cell results from the ADVIA hematology analyzer. Method of measurement and reported results for red blood cell tests Result Derivation Details Reported HCT (%) Calculated HCT = (MCVxRBC)÷10 Routine hemogram, unless inaccurate (e.g. in vitro hemolysis) PCV (%) Direct measurement Centrifugation

Hematocrit (HCT)   Units Canine Feline Equine Bovine Alpaca Caprine HCT % 41 – 58 31 – 48 34 – 46 25 – 33 26 – 45 28 – 44   Increased   Artifact False increases in MCV (HCT is a calculated value): Uptake of water with storage (delayed processing) or hyper-osmolality (hypernatremia, hyperglycemia etc),

Plateletcrit The plateletcrit (reported as a %) is analogous to the hematocrit and reflects the mass of platelets. This result is not usually reported on most hemograms and is infrequently used in laboratories. It has been mainly used to show that dogs with inherited macrothrombocytopenia have normal platelet mass (Tvedten et al 2012, Kelley et al